fig21

Figure 21. Impact of Li doping on domain behavior and polarization in BaTi_1-xLi_xO₃ ceramics. (A and B) Schematic illustrating the doping mechanism: transition between nonpolar/centrosymmetric tetragonal FE state and polar tetragonal FE state, domain switching process, and corresponding P-E loops before and after doping; (C and D) Domain wall pinning by defect dipoles leads to reduced remnant polarization. This figure is quoted with permission from Zhang et al.^[159]. FE: Ferroelectric.