fig15

Figure 15. Enhanced ESP via self-assembled metadielectric nanostructures and phase toughening in RFE ceramics. (A) Self-assembled BaHf_0.17Ti_0.83O₃-xHfO₂ metadielectric nanostructure: schematic of structural evolution, breakdown phase transitions, and corresponding P-E hysteresis loops under breakdown conditions. This figure is quoted with permission from Lu et al.^[132]; (B) Schematic illustrating improved ESP in ZrO₂-toughened Ba_0.55Sr_0.45TiO₃-Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-SrZrO₃ RFE ceramics due to enhanced BDS following ZrO₂ phase incorporation. The studied composition is 0.4 Ba_0.55Sr_0.45TiO₃-0.4 Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.2SrZrO₃. This figure is quoted with permission from Yang et al.^[134]. ESP: Energy storage performance; RFE: relaxor ferroelectric; BDS: dielectric breakdown strength.