fig11

Figure 11. Grain refinement and densification enhance dielectric BDS. (A) Evolution of electric field and development of breakdown paths under a constant field of 320 kV/cm for 0.1-CS and 0.25-HPS ceramics. The 0.1-CS sample is a 0.9Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.1K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ ceramic prepared by conventional sintering, while the 0.25-HPS sample is a 0.75Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.25K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ ceramic prepared by hot-press sintering. This figure is quoted with permission from Deng et al.^[103]; (B) Simulated distributions of dielectric constant, electric potential, and local electric field in ceramic macrostructures before and after amorphous phase filling. This figure is quoted with permission from Zhang et al.^[106]. BDS: Dielectric breakdown strength.