fig8

Figure 8. Shuttle-restraint polymer membranes. (A) Schematic illustration showing the fabrication process and physical appearance of HMH-BCP membranes. (B) TOF-SIMS analysis of separators before and after 200 cycles at 50 °C. Reproduced with permission^[109]. (C) Schematic diagrams of PVIM synthesis, PVIMPAN separator preparation via electrospinning, and the function of PVIMPAN in Li-S batteries. (D) Digital images showing polysulfide diffusion through PP, PAN, and PVIMPAN separators in H-type cells after 0, 0.5, 3, and 12 h. (E) Binding energies of PAN and PVIMPAN with Li₂S_x (x = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8). (F) Ionic conductivity and t⁺ of the separators at 25 °C, along with the binding energy of PVIM with TFSI^-. (G) SEM images of Cu collectors after Coulombic efficiency tests of Li||Cu cells using PP (top) and PVIMPAN (bottom). Reproduced with permission^[112].