fig5

Figure 5. (A) STEM-HAADF image of HfZr_1+xO₂ thin film, (B) The enlarged inset of (A)^[32]. Reprinted from Ref.^[32], with permission from AAAS. (C) STEM-HAADF image of the Y:HfO₂ film. The inset shows the fast Fourier transformation of (C). (D) iDPC-STEM image of the Y:HfO₂ film, (E) Polarization direction mapping of the red box in (D)^[33]. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Ref.^[33]. Copyright (2024) American Chemical Society. (F) iDPC-STEM results of hafnium oxide crystals^[34]. Reprinted from Ref.^[34], with permission from Springer Nature.