fig2

Figure 2. (A) XRD patterns and (B) N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms of SBN and SBN-HBM; (C) TEM image, (D) HR-TEM image, (E) HADDF image, EDS elemental mapping, and (F) PFM topography image of SBN-HBM. Local phase-voltage hysteresis loop and amplitude-voltage butterfly loop of (G) SBN and (H) SBN-HBM. XRD: X-ray diffraction; SBN: Sr_0.5Ba_0.5Nb₂O₆; HBM: high-energy ball milling; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; HR: high-resolution; HADDF: high-angle annular dark-field; EDS: energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; PFM: piezoresponse force microscopy; PDF: powder diffraction file.