fig7

Figure 7. (A) The image of the Li_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃:Pr³⁺ pellet i) before load and ii) loading^[47]; (B) Comparison of experimental and simulated stress distribution along Y’OY of the Li_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃:Pr³⁺ pellet under a compressive load of 1,000 N. Inset: schematic of the sample^[47]; (C) ML response of Li_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃:Pr³⁺ pellet under loading applied in a triangular wave mode^[47]; (D) Stability and repeatability test of Li_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃:Pr³⁺ pellet more than 50 load cycles: i) Real-time ML intensity during 95-135 s; ii) Real-time ML intensity during 410-445 s^[47]. Reproduced from Ref.^[47] with permission from the John Wiley and Sons; (E) ML spectra of LiNbO₃:Pr³⁺/xZn²⁺: (i) before the test; (ii) under mechanical loading^[12]. Reproduced from Ref.^[12] with permission from the Elsevier. Pr: Praseodymium; ML: mechanoluminescence; LNP: LiNbO₃:Pr³⁺; LiNbO₃: lithium niobate.