fig8

Figure 8. (A) Li₂S nucleation and growth rate constant. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[71]. Copyright 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH. Li₂S dissolution test and SEM for (B) Ni-B. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[71]. Copyright 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH; (C) NiCo-B. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[71]. Copyright 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH; (D) Schematic illustration of interactions of polysulfides with Ni-B (left) and Co-B (right). Reproduced with permission from ref.^[71]. Copyright 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH; (E) Schematic illustration of the fabrication and catalytic procedure of bicontinuous nanoreactor composed of multiscale defective RuO₂nanomonomers (MD-RuO₂-BN). Reproduced with permission from ref.^[72]. Copyright 2024, The Author(s); (F) The free energy profile of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on twin boundary Ru sites (TB-Ru) sites. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[72]. Copyright 2024, The Author(s); (G) Calculated O* and OH* adsorption energy of RuO₂ and RuO₂-T-V_{Ru, O}, where * denotes an adsorbed species on the catalyst surface. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[72]. Copyright 2024, The Author(s); (H) The active sites (yellow highlights) on RuO₂-T-V_{Ru, O} for catalyzing OER. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[72]. Copyright 2024, The Author(s).