fig1

Figure 1. (A-C) Illustration of the formation mechanism for Yolk-shell magnetic mesoporous polydopamine (YS-MMP) vesicles: (Step 1) Micelle fusion; (Step 2) Formation of liquid film; (Step 3) Interface assembly; (Step 4) TMB diffusion; (Step 5) Removing F127/CTAB. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[39]. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society; (D) Schematic illustration of the surface energy-induced anisotropic assembly formation process of mesoporous nanorods and teeth-like superstructures; (E) SEM images of teeth-like superstructures prepared with 150 mg PSSMA. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[33]. Copyright 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH; (F and G) TEM images with different magnifications; (H and I) SEM image and element mappings of the winding-structured CdS&mSiO₂ nanocomposites. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[40]. Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society; (J) Schematic of a single-capsule nanospacecraft evolved from soft patch-oriented directional fusion of monomer droplets upon collision extracted from solution. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[41]. Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society; (K) Magnified TEM images of the morphology evolution of nanospacecrafts collected at different times (t = 0.5, 1, 2, 6, and 12 h). Reproduced with permission from ref.^[41]. Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society; (L) Steric-induced anisotropic assembly of lamellar mesoporous polydopamine. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[42]. Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society; (M) Schematic illustration of the selective growth of mPDA nanoplates on {110} facets of TRD ZIF-8. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[43]. Copyright 2023 Springer Nature; (N) TEM images. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[43]. Copyright 2023 Springer Nature; (O) SEM images, corresponding models, and SAED patterns taken from a single nanoparticle along the {100}, {110}, and {111} zone axes. Reproduced with permission from ref.^[43]. Copyright 2023 Springer Nature. TMB: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene; CTAB: etyltrimethylammonium bromide; SEM: scanning electron microscope; PSSMA: poly (4-styrenesulfonicacid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt; TEM: transmission electron microscope; PDA: polydopamine; TRD: truncated rhombic dodecahedral; ZIF-8: zeolitic imidazolate framework-8; SAED: selected area electron diffraction.