fig1

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the experimental workflow for pitting corrosion characterization and three-dimensional reconstruction. Metal specimens were exposed to a controlled pitting corrosion environment, followed by two parallel characterization paths: conventional two-dimensional surface and cross-sectional analysis using OM, SEM, and EDS, and serial-sectioning-based imaging for three-dimensional reconstruction. The reconstructed three-dimensional pit geometry enables quantitative characterization of pit morphology and growth behavior.