fig12

Figure 12. Smart exosome-hydrogel system and personalized treatment strategy for bone regeneration. This figure illustrates a comprehensive strategy combining a smart exosome-hydrogel system with a personalized treatment approach for bone regeneration. On the left, the Smart Exosome-Hydrogel System is depicted. It shows the release of exosomes, activated by specific stimuli, to promote bone regeneration by targeting osteoblast activation while incorporating blood glucose monitoring for adaptive therapeutic responses. The system aims to improve bone healing through controlled, on-demand exosome release. On the right, the Personalized Treatment Strategy is outlined, emphasizing the use of 3D printing, microfluidic chips, and artificial intelligence (AI) for individualized care. The 3D printing approach customizes scaffolds for precise bone healing, while microfluidic chips facilitate dynamic testing of different treatments. AI is employed to analyze patient-specific data and optimize therapy for effective bone regeneration, ensuring treatment is tailored to the unique needs of each patient.