fig14

Figure 14. (A) Real-time bacterial analysis performed using smart recognition combined with multiple ML algorithms. This figure is quoted with permission from Wang et al.^[121], Copyright 2023, Elsevier B.V; (B) High-precision real-time detection of food spoilage realized by embedding the RF model into a smartphone application. This figure is quoted with permission from Doğan et al.^[124]. ML: Machine learning; RF: random forest; UV: ultraviolet light; FG: fish gelatin; ARCE: anthocyanins rich red cabbage extract; CD: carbon dot; TVB-N: total volatile basic nitrogen.