fig4

Figure 4. Comparisons between the present work and the TEM observations^[38] on the initial dislocation emission and back twinning dislocation emission at the crack tips in FCC Al. (A) MD simulation and (B) TEM characterization^[38] for surface step formation; (C) MD simulation and (D) TEM characterization^[38] for twinning dislocation formation. TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; FCC: faced-centered cubic; MD: molecular dynamics.