fig6
Figure 6. (A) and (B) display the t-SNE visualization of the entire dataset and the sampled subset obtained by FPS, respectively, demonstrating the distributional change after sampling; (D) and (E) correspondingly show the results of RS. Compared to RS, FPS yields a more dispersed distribution, thus enhancing diversity in the sampled feature space; (C) illustrates the k-means clustering of the full dataset, determined by the elbow method, while (F) compares the effects of RS and FPS on cluster frequency distributions. t-SNE: t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding; FPS: farthest point sampling; RS: random sampling.