fig1

Figure 1. Effect of 6-PPDQ exposure on retinoic acid content and expression of enzyme genes governing synthesis of retinoic acid from retinal and synthesis of retinal from retinol. (A) Metabolic control of retinoic acid synthesis; (B) Retinoic acid content in 0.1-10 μg/L 6-PPDQ-exposed nematodes. ^**P < 0.01 vs. control; (C) Effect of 6-PPDQ exposure on expressions of alh-1, alh-2, alh-3, alh-10, and alh-11. ^**P < 0.01 vs. control; (D) Effect of RNAi of alh-3 on retinoic acid content in 6-PPDQ-exposed nematodes. Exposure concentration of 6-PPDQ was 10 μg/L. ^**P < 0.01 vs. wild-type (L44440); (E) Effect of 6-PPDQ exposure on expressions of dhs-2, dhs-3, dhs-4, dhs-16, dhs-19, and drd-5. ^**P < 0.01 vs. control. (F) Effect of RNAi of dhs-19 on retinoic acid content in 6-PPDQ-exposed nematodes. Exposure concentration of 6-PPDQ was 10 μg/L. ^**P < 0.01 vs. wild-type (L44440). 6-PPDQ: N’-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone; RNAi: RNA interference.