REFERENCES
1. van der Veen I, de Boer J. Phosphorus flame retardants: properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis. Chemosphere 2012;88:1119-53.
2. USEPA, Mid Atlantic risk assessment, regional screening levels (RSLs)-generic Tables. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/region9/superfund/prg [Last accessed on 28 Jul 2023].
3. Van den Eede N, Dirtu AC, Neels H, Covaci A. Analytical developments and preliminary assessment of human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants from indoor dust. Environ Int 2011;37:454-61.
4. Ali N, Dirtu AC, Van den Eede N, et al. Occurrence of alternative flame retardants in indoor dust from New Zealand: indoor sources and human exposure assessment. Chemosphere 2012;88:1276-82.
5. Saito I, Onuki A, Seto H. Indoor organophosphate and polybrominated flame retardants in Tokyo. Indoor Air 2007;17:28-36.
6. Newton S, Sellström U, Harrad S, Yu G, de Wit CA. Comparisons of indoor active and passive air sampling methods for emerging and legacy halogenated flame retardants in Beijing, China offices. Emerging Contaminants 2016;2:80-8.
7. Zhang X, Wong C, Lei YD, Wania F. Influence of sampler configuration on the uptake kinetics of a passive air sampler. Environ Sci Technol 2012;46:397-403.
8. Abdollahi A, Eng A, Jantunen LM, et al. Characterization of polyurethane foam (PUF) and sorbent impregnated PUF (SIP) disk passive air samplers for measuring organophosphate flame retardants. Chemosphere 2017;167:212-9.
9. Brommer S, Harrad S. Sources and human exposure implications of concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants in dust from UK cars, classrooms, living rooms, and offices. Environ Int 2015;83:202-7.
10. Harrad S, Hazrati S, Ibarra C. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor air and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor air and dust in Birmingham, United Kingdom: implications for human exposure. Environ Sci Technol 2006;40:4633-8.
11. Bergh C, Luongo G, Wise S, Ostman C. Organophosphate and phthalate esters in standard reference material 2585 organic contaminants in house dust. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012;402:51-9.
12. Brandsma SH, de Boer J, van Velzen MJ, Leonards PE. Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers in house and car dust and the influence of electronic equipment. Chemosphere 2014;116:3-9.
13. Brommer S, Jantunen LM, Bidleman TF, Harrad S, Diamond ML. Determination of vapor pressures for organophosphate esters. J Chem Eng Data 2014;59:1441-7.
14. Bergman A, Rydén A, Law RJ, et al. A novel abbreviation standard for organobromine, organochlorine and organophosphorus flame retardants and some characteristics of the chemicals. Environ Int 2012;49:57-82.
15. Esplugas R, Rovira J, Mari M, et al. Emerging and legacy flame retardants in indoor air and dust samples of Tarragona Province (Catalonia, Spain). Sci Total Environ 2022;806:150494.
16. Kim UJ, Wang Y, Li W, Kannan K. Occurrence of and human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants/plasticizers in indoor air and dust from various microenvironments in the United States. Environ Int 2019;125:342-9.
17. Stubbings WA, Schreder ED, Thomas MB, Romanak K, Venier M, Salamova A. Exposure to brominated and organophosphate ester flame retardants in U.S. childcare environments: effect of removal of flame-retarded nap mats on indoor levels. Environ Pollut 2018;238:1056-68.
18. Vykoukalová M, Venier M, Vojta Š, et al. Organophosphate esters flame retardants in the indoor environment. Environ Int 2017;106:97-104.
19. Wong F, de Wit CA, Newton SR. Concentrations and variability of organophosphate esters, halogenated flame retardants, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor and outdoor air in Stockholm, Sweden. Environ Pollut 2018;240:514-22.
20. Yadav IC, Devi NL, Kumar A, Li J, Zhang G. Airborne brominated, chlorinated and organophosphate ester flame retardants inside the buildings of the Indian state of Bihar: Exploration of source and human exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020;191:110212.
21. Li Y, Xiong S, Hao Y, et al. Organophosphate esters in Arctic air from 2011 to 2019: Concentrations, temporal trends, and potential sources. J Hazard Mater 2022;434:128872.
22. Kurt-Karakus P, Alegria H, Birgul A, Gungormus E, Jantunen L. Organophosphate ester (OPEs) flame retardants and plasticizers in air and soil from a highly industrialized city in Turkey. Sci Total Environ 2018;625:555-65.
23. Ma Y, Vojta S, Becanova J, et al. Spatial distribution and air-water exchange of organophosphate esters in the lower Great Lakes. Environ Pollut 2021;286:117349.
24. Gbadamosi MR, Abdallah MA, Harrad S. Organophosphate esters in UK diet; exposure and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2022;849:158368.
25. Gbadamosi MR, Al-omran LS, Abdallah MA, Harrad S. Concentrations of organophosphate esters in drinking water from the United Kingdom: implications for human exposure. Emerging Contaminants 2023;9:100203.
26. Abdallah MA-E, Harrad S. Dermal uptake of chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants via contact with furniture fabrics; implications for human exposure. Environ Res 2022;209:112847.