fig4

U-shaped relationship between guideline-directed medical therapy initiation timing and long-term adverse outcomes in acute heart failure

Figure 4. RCS analysis of the primary outcome. The association between GDMT initiation time and the composite outcome of one-year all-cause mortality and heart failure rehospitalization, as well as one-year all-cause mortality, was analyzed. The model was adjusted for multiple variables, including age, sex, comorbidities, SOFA score, SAPSII score, and hemodynamic parameters. The reference point was the median GDMT initiation time. T represents the GDMT initiation time, and the dashed line represents the horizontal line at the HR value corresponding to the minimum point of the curve. The blue number indicates the T value at the minimum point of the curve. GDMT: Guideline-directed medical therapy; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; SAPSII: simplified acute physiology score II; HR: hazard ratio; RCS: restricted cubic spline.

The Journal of Cardiovascular Aging
ISSN 2768-5993 (Online)

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