fig3
From: The interplay between lifestyle and cardiovascular aging: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Figure 3. The impact of myocardial cell aging on cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular aging results from dysfunction in both cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes, including DNA damage responses, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, SASP release, and other cellular changes. Created in BioRender Xu C (2025) https://BioRender.com/url7kgt. SASP: Senescence-associated secretory phenotype; ER: endoplasmic reticulum.
