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From: The interplay between lifestyle and cardiovascular aging: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Figure 1. The impact of lifestyle on cardiovascular disease. Unhealthy lifestyle factors - such as sedentary behavior, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and social or psychological stress - can contribute to cardiovascular aging, promote the development of cardiovascular disease, and accelerate aging. Created in BioRender Xu C (2025) https://BioRender.com/g1q8bpb.






