fig3

Figure 3. cGAMP-induced STING activation promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in co-culture. BMDMs were pretreated with or without cGAMP (1 μg/mL) for 15 min of permeabilization. Then, HL-1 cells were co-cultured with BMDMs. (A) Secreted IFN-β levels in medium of co-culture system of HL-1 cells and BMDMs (n = 3 in each group); (B and C) mRNA levels of ANP and MYH7 in HL-1 cells co-cultured with BMDMs (n = 3 in each group); (D) Protein levels of ANP and BNP in HL-1 cells co-cultured with BMDMs; (E and F) Cell surface area of HL-1 cells co-cultured with BMDMs (n = 3 in each group). Mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Student’s t-test for 3A-C, 3E. STING: Stimulator of interferon genes; BMDMs: bone marrow-derived macrophages; mRNA: messenger RNA; SEM: standard error of the mean; cGAMP: cyclic GMP-AMP; IFN-β: interferon-β; ANP: atrial natriuretic peptide; MYH7: myosin heavy chain 7; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.