fig2

Figure 2. Hierarchical correspondence in visual information processing from biological principles to photoionic devices. Hierarchical correspondence in visual information processing from biological principles to photoionic devices. (A-C) Neural mechanisms in biological vision, including retinal On/Off receptive fields, edge detection, and orientation selectivity; (D-F) Design blueprint of photo-iontronics-based bionic artificial retinas inspired by biological mechanisms; (G-I) Biointegrated artificial visual devices enabled by photoionic technologies, such as retinal prostheses for vision restoration, retinal-function emulating sensors, and bionic systems for motion perception.