fig4

From: Flexible iontronic pressure sensing technology: advanced structural ionic layer

Figure 4. Template sacrificial method. (A) Liquid template and (B) Gas template. Reproduced with permission^[30,85]. Copyright 2025 American Chemical Society and 2024 Springer Nature; Template immersion method; (C) Fabric-based template. (D) Foam-based template. Reproduced with permission^[86,87]. Copyright 2022 and 2024, American Chemical Society. P(VDF-HFP): Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene); [EMIM][TFSI]: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; PVDF: poly(vinylidene fluoride); AP: atmospheric pressure; DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide; IL: ionic liquid; IG: ionic gel; UV: ultraviolet.