fig4
From: Direct regeneration of degraded Ni-rich cathodes: coupled ion and electron transport perspectives
Figure 4. Bulk defect repair strategies for spent NCM cathodes. (A) Schematic illustration of the hydrothermal relithiation mechanism, showing lithium release from residual compounds and its subsequent incorporation into the degraded NCM lattice[79]. Copyright 2026, American Chemical Society; (B) Electrochemical relithiation enabling controlled lithium insertion into defect sites[81]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society; (C) Molten salt relithiation providing a high-concentration lithium source[82]. Copyright 2025, Wiley-VCH; (D) The lattice oxygen oxidation activity is suppressed after doping with Al/Cu[87]. Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH. BAL: Benzoic acid lithium salt; DOS: density of states; NCM: LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2.
