fig3

From: Direct regeneration of degraded Ni-rich cathodes: coupled ion and electron transport perspectives

Figure 3. The failure behavior of Electronic Conduction Networks. (A) Anisotropic lattice stress leads to the formation of microcracks^[50]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society; (B) Transformation of the ordered layered structure into rock-salt and spinel phases on the surface of degraded NCM cathodes^[56]. Copyright 2025, Wiley-VCH; (C) Formation of the CEI layer with low electrolyte uptake on the surface of NCM particles induced by electrolyte reactions during cycling^[58]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society; (D) Polymer chain fracture leads to binder failure, thereby impairing electronic conduction^[66]. Copyright 2024, Royal Society of Chemistry. SNCM: Spent LiNi_xCo_yMn_1-x-yO₂; NCM: LiNi_xCo_yMn_1-x-yO₂; PVDF: polyvinylidene fluoride; CEI: cathode-electrolyte interphase.