fig2

From: Direct regeneration of degraded Ni-rich cathodes: coupled ion and electron transport perspectives

Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the evolution of bulk structural defects and their impact on lithium-ion transport in NCM cathodes. (A) Irreversible lithium loss and formation of lithium vacancies during the cycling process^[26]. Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society; (B) TM migration into lithium layers causes cation disorder and oxygen vacancies^[32]. Copyright 2026, Wiley-VCH; (C) Dissolved transition metal ions deposit on the anodes^[37]. Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH. TM: Transition metal, including Ni, Co and Mn; LNCMO: Li_xNi_0.2Co_0.7Mn_0.1O₂; LUMO: Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital; HOMO: Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital; LMB: lithium metal batteries; NCM: LiNi_xCo_yMn_1-x-yO₂; SEI: solid-electrolyte interphase; DRX: disordered rock salts.