fig9

Figure 9. Ion-transport mechanism in IL@MOF electrolytes. Alkali-metal-ion-containing ionic liquids are loaded into MOF nanopores to form IL@MOF hybrid electrolytes. Within the confined MOF channels, Li⁺ or Na⁺ cations can migrate along the pore network, whereas bulky anions interact with the MOF framework and exhibit restricted mobility. The confinement effect and framework-anion interactions can facilitate cation-dominated ion transport. MOF: Metal-organic framework; IL: ionic liquid.