fig1

Figure 1. Illustration of PD genetics, the pathology of αSyn and glucosylceramides in the context of vesicle transport and release, autophagolysosomal degradation and mitochondrial damage. αSyn structure icons were obtained from PDB (micell bound monomer 1XQ8 | pdb_00001xq8^[60]; 10x oligomer 2N0A | pdb_00002n0a)^[61]. ATP13A2: Cation-transporting ATPase 13A2; FBXO7: F-box only protein 7; GBA1: gene encoding lysosomal glucocerebrosidase; GCase: glucocerebrosidase; LRRK2: leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; DJ-1/PARK7: protein/nucleic acid deglycase; PINK1: serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial; Parkin/Prkn: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin; p62/SQSTM1: Sequestosome-1; LIMP2/SCARB2: lysosome membrane protein 2; SNCA: alpha-synuclein; UCHL1: ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1; VPS35: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35; Cer: ceramides; HexCer: hexosylceramides; GlcCer: glucosylceramides; Ub: ubiquitin; MVB: multivesicular bodies; PD: Parkinson’s disease; αSyn: alpha synuclein.