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Figure 8. Clinical Assessment of the Efficacy of RS-EVLP on Human Skin Whitening. (A) Dermatoscopic images of representative areas of subjects’ skin on days 8, 15, and 21 after RS-EVLP application; (B) Skin luminance (L^*) values over time in RS-EVLP- and HC-treated groups [baseline (day 0) and on days 8, 15, and 21] vs. the control group. ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM from n = 10 biological replicates (independent volunteers), with each volunteer measured in triplicate at each time point (technical replicates, n = 3). Statistical significance was determined by repeated-measures two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test for multiple comparisons between groups at each time point. ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001 vs. control group. ANOVA: Analysis of variance; HC: hydroquinone cream; NC: negative control; RS-EVLP: rose-derived extracellular vesicle-like particles; SEM: standard error of the mean.