fig5

Figure 5. Characterization and siRNA loading efficiency of RBCEVs. (A) Schematic diagram of the RBCEV isolation procedure. Created in BioRender. Chen, H. (2026); (B) Western blot detection of marker proteins in purified RBCEVs (ALIX, GAPDH, GPA, HBA, and TSG101); (C) RBCEV particle size profile detected by ZetaView; (D) ZetaView analysis revealing the RBCEV zeta potential; (E) TEM revealed the morphology of RBCEVs. The scale bar indicates 100 nm. One of the three independent experiments is shown; (F) Quantification of the loading efficiency of siRNA-EV. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. ALIX: ALG-2-interacting protein X; CANX: calnexin; EV: extracellular vesicle; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GPA: glycophorin A; HBA: hemoglobin A; RBC: red blood cell; RBCEV: red blood cell extracellular vesicle; RBCEVs: red blood cell extracellular vesicles; SEC: size-exclusion chromatography; siRNA: small interfering RNA; siRNA-EV: siRNA-loaded RBCEV; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TSG101: tumor susceptibility gene 101.