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Figure 3. Impact of local SyBV treatment on distant melanoma growth. (A) SyBV (10⁹ or 10¹⁰) were intratumorally injected into the left-side melanoma six times with 3-day intervals between injections after B16F10 cells were implanted bilaterally (left panel). An anti-PD-1 antibody (100 µg) was given intraperitoneally 1 day prior to immunization with SyBV. The growth curve of non-injected tumors (right-side melanoma) in mice treated with SyBV in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy is shown (right panel). n = 9/group; (B) Tumor protein-specific IgG levels in blood on day 21 from mice immunized with SyBV (n = 5/group). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ^*P < 0.05 by Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance with Dunn’s multiple comparison test vs. the sham group. Created with BioRender.com (2026). SyBV: Synthetic bacterial vesicle; PD-1: programmed cell death protein 1; IgG: immunoglobulin G; SEM: standard error of the mean.