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Figure 4. Schematic representation showing the role of EVs in emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Studies have shown that EVs carry functional factors such as BRN4, BRN2, TBX2 and specific integrins that when up taken by recipient cell modulate gene programs in recipient cells promoting NEPC. Created in BioRender. Saini, S. (2026) https://BioRender.com/e5v4yy5. EVs: Extracellular vesicles; NEPC: neuroendocrine prostate cancer; BRN2: brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 2; BRN4: brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 4; TBX2: T-box transcription factor 2.