fig3

Figure 3. Schematic representation showing the important role of EVs in prostate cancer: progression, metastasis and immune responses. EV-mediated signaling between PCa cells or with cells of TME contributes to PCa cell attributes such as proliferation, EMT/stemness, invasion, migration, drug resistance or immune evasion. Created in BioRender. Saini, S. (2026) https://BioRender.com/vr7efu4. EVs: Extracellular vesicles; PCa: prostate cancer; TME: tumor microenvironment; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition.