fig4

Figure 4. ADSC-EVs restore gut microbiota and increase the abundance of probiotic A. muciniphila in live fibrosis mice. (A) Schematic diagram of fecal samples collection for 16S rRNA sequencing, including the Sham group (n = 3), LF-Con (n = 5), LF-1W (n = 3), LF-1W-EV (n = 3), LF-3W (n = 3), LF-3W-EV (n = 3); Alpha diversity analysis based on (B) Sob index and (C) Shannon index, rarefaction curves indicate adequate sequencing depth; Relative abundance of gut microbiota at the (D) phylum, (E) genus and (F) species levels in each group of mice. All data are shown as the mean ± SD. ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01. ADSC-EVs: Adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles; A. muciniphila: Akkermansia muciniphila; 16S rRNA: 16S ribosomal RNA; LF: liver fibrosis; SD: standard deviation; i.p.: intraperitoneal injection; DEN: diethylnitrosamine; i.v.: intravenous injection; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; OTU: operational taxonomic units.