fig1

Figure 1. Workflow of the sEV isolation protocol. Blood was obtained by retro-orbital plexus puncture and separated into plasma or serum. For sEV isolation, two methods were used: Size exclusion chromatography (qEV 2 Izon 35 nm) and ultracentrifugation at 100,000 × g followed by a bottom loaded iodixanol density gradient (5%-60%). Resulting samples were counted by NTA, visualized by SEM and TEM, and protein content analyzed by Mass Spectrometry. Created in BioRender. Boussadia, Z. (2025) https://BioRender.com/n7dp03u. sEV: Small extracellular vesicles; NTA: nanoparticle tracking analysis; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; LC/MS: liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; RT: room temperature; UC-IDG: ultracentrifugation followed by iodixanol density gradient.