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Figure 3. The interplay among AI, machine learning, and deep learning. Machine learning is a fundamental technological approach within the realm of AI, encompassing various methodologies such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, reinforcement learning, and transfer learning. Deep learning, a branch of machine learning, centers on the use of ANNs to replicate the architecture and operations of the human brain. Figure was created with https://app.biorender.com/. AI: Artificial Intelligence; ANNs: artificial neural networks.