fig3

A multidimensional landscape of extracellular vesicle-mediated tumor drug resistance: mechanisms, biomarkers, engineered drug delivery, and clinical translation

Figure 3. EVs as a new target for liquid biopsy. EVs are enriched in body fluids and are critically involved in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and metastasis[104]. EVs: Extracellular vesicles; CTC: circulating tumor cell; ctDNA: circulating tumor DNA; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; ddPCR: droplet digital polymerase chain reaction; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; WB: Western blot.

Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids
ISSN 2767-6641 (Online)
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