fig3

Figure 3. CW-DNVs ameliorate HFD-induced MASH. (A) Experimental design; (B) Body gross appearance; (C) Body weight changes; (D) Liver-to-body weight ratio; (E) Fasting blood glucose levels; (F) Serum levels of AST, ALT, TG, and TC; (G) Representative images of HE- and ORO-stained liver sections; (H) MAS; (I) Quantitative analysis of the ORO-positive lipid droplet area. Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001; ^****P < 0.0001 vs. NCD + PBS group; ^#P < 0.05; ^##P < 0.01; ^####P < 0.0001 vs. HFD + PBS group. CW-DNVs: Curcuma wenyujin-derived nanovesicles; MASH: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HE: hematoxylin and eosin; ORO: Oil Red O; MAS: MAFLD Activity Score; MAFLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; SEM: standard error of the mean; ANOVA: analysis of variance; NCD: normal chow diet; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; HFD: high fatty diet; ns: not significant.