fig6

Figure 6. IPA-generated molecular interaction network illustrating the upstream and downstream regulatory relationships centered on the consistently highly expressed UCMSC-EV proteins, i.e., IGFBP5, PEDF/SERPINF1, SOD1, CFH, and TIMP1. The network shows that different upstream signaling converge on transcription factors, such as NFκB, HIF-1α, and AP-1, modulating the gene expression of MMP-9. The network was generated using QIAGEN IPA (QIAGEN Inc.)^[14]. AKT: Protein kinase B; AP-1: activator protein 1; CFH: complement factor H; CP: canonical pathway; HIF-1α: hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha; IGFBP5: insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5; IL-6: interleukin-6; MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9; NFκB: nuclear factor kappa B; PEDF: pigment epithelium-derived factor; SERPINF1: serpin family F member 1; SOD1: superoxide dismutase 1; TIMP1: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1; TIMP3: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3; IPA: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis; UCMSC-EVs: umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.