fig5

Figure 5. Comparable anti-inflammatory effects of EVs from three MSC donors. (A and B) RAW264.7 cells were treated with OMVs (100 ng/mL) for 3 h, followed by incubation with three different batches of MSC-EVs at various concentrations for 16 h. TNF-α (A) and IL-6 (B) levels were quantified in the conditioned media (n = 3). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001; ns, not significant, by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. EVs: Extracellular vesicles; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; OMVs: outer membrane vesicles; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: interleukin-6; SEM: standard error of the mean; ANOVA: analysis of variance.