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Figure 6. Inhibition of Complement-Induced IL-17 Secretion by MSC-sEV-Associated CD59 in the Psoriatic Stratum Corneum. Schematic representation of the mechanism by which MSC-sEVs mitigate psoriatic inflammation. In the psoriatic stratum corneum, formation of the terminal complement complex (C5b-9) activates neutrophils, inducing NETosis and IL-17 secretion. MSC-sEVs deliver the complement regulatory protein CD59, which inhibits C5b-9 assembly, thereby preventing complement-driven neutrophil activation and IL-17 release - attenuating a key upstream amplifier of psoriatic inflammation at the skin barrier. (Figure was created with AI-assisted technologies). MSC-sEVs: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles; CD59: cluster of differentiation 59; C5b-9: complement component 5b-9; IL-17: interleukin-17.