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Figure 3. A Cell-Free and Scalable Therapeutic Modality: MSC-sEVs as a New Class of Biologic-Inspired Therapeutics. This graphical abstract illustrates the unique advantages of MSC-sEVs as cell-free, biologic-inspired therapeutics applied topically to psoriatic skin. MSC-sEVs offer localized immunomodulation with minimal systemic exposure, effectively bridging the therapeutic gap in moderate psoriasis. Unlike conventional biologics or live-cell therapies, MSC-sEVs can be manufactured at scale from immortalized monoclonal MSC lines, ensuring product consistency and overcoming donor variability. This platform enables biologic-like efficacy with enhanced safety, accessibility, and scalability. MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; sEVs: small extracellular vesicles.