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Figure 2. Addressing the Therapeutic Gap in Moderate Psoriasis with MSC-sEVs. Schematic summary of current therapeutic limitations in moderate psoriasis. Topical agents and phototherapy are inadequate for widespread or high-impact disease, while systemic non-biologics are constrained by toxicity and monitoring burdens. Biologics remain highly effective but are inaccessible for most moderate patients due to cost, systemic risks, and payer restrictions. MSC-sEVs represent a novel, cell-free, topical therapy capable of localized immunomodulation with minimal systemic toxicity, offering a scalable and patient-friendly solution to this critical therapeutic gap. (Figure was created with AI-assisted technologies). MSC-sEVs: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles.