fig5

Figure 5. APS-Lat-EXO reactivates latent HIV-1 in PBMCs from ART-treated patients(n = 7). (A-G) RT-qPCR assessment of Gag and LTR transcript abundance in PBMCs derived from three ART-suppressed HIV-1-infected donors (P1, P2, P3). Each data point corresponds to an individual donor sample. Statistical differences were determined using Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001; ^****P < 0.0001. APS: Astragalus polysaccharide; APS-Lat-EXO: APS-modified latency-reversing exosome; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell; ART: antiretroviral therapy; RT-qPCR: reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Gag: group-specific antigen; LTR: long terminal repeat; SD: standard deviation.