fig7

Figure 7. (A) Schematic representation of the MDIB architecture and its dual-ion storage mechanism, utilizing Mn and graphite electrodes within a hybrid LiPF₆ and Mn(TFSI)₂ electrolyte; (B) Typical GCD profiles recorded across various voltage windows to determine the optimal operational range; (C) Selected GCD curves obtained at specific cycle intervals within the 1.0-3.5 V range; (D) Long-term cycling performance and the corresponding median discharge voltage monitored at 1.0-3.5 V. (E) Comparative analysis of median discharge voltages (V_m) between the present MDIB and previously reported Zn-ion battery systems; (F) Evaluation of cycling stability and discharge voltage in comparison with reported data for various Mn-ion battery technologies. Reprinted with permission from Ref.^[14]. Copyright © 2024 Wiley. GCD: Galvanostatic charge-discharge; MDIB: manganese dual-ion battery.