fig6

Figure 6. Performance and structural evolution of the PANI electrode. (A) CV curve at 0.1 mV/s; (B) GCD profiles under varying current densities; (C) Rate performance of the PANI electrode; (D) Cycling stability recorded at 0.5 A/g for 1,000 cycles; (E) Nyquist plots before and after 1,000 cycles; (F and G) Ex-situ analysis at different electrochemical states showing (F) FTIR and (G) Raman spectra. Reprinted with permission from Ref.^[30]. Copyright © 2026 Wiley. PANI: Polyaniline; CV: cyclic voltammetry; GCD: galvanostatic charge-discharge; FTIR: fourier-transform infrared.