fig19

Figure 19. Zn²⁺ ions stability/reversibility and transport performance/mechanism of Zn anode with the SPP@PVDF. (A) Zn²⁺ ions conductivity of SPP@PVDF and SPAF@PVDF at different temperatures; (B) tZn²⁺ of SPP@PVDF (0.82) at RT, the inset shows the EIS before and after polarization; (C) Comparison of tZn²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions conductivity of SPP@PVDF with previously reported work based on SPE; (D) LSV curves of SPP@PVDF, SPAF@PVDF, and PVDF; (E) CV curves of Zn plating/stripping with SPP@PVDF; (F) SEM image and XRD pattern (the yellow curve in the illustration) of zinc foil surface after 100 cycles with SPP@PVDF based Zn symmetrical batteries, the green curve is a PDF card for zinc; (G) Cycling performance of Zn symmetric batteries using different electrolytes at 1 and 0.5 mAh cm^-2 (insets display the corresponding magnified voltage profiles); (H) Calculated frontier molecular orbital energies of SPP and SPAF; (I) Planar average potential from the Zn(002) crystal surface to the SPAF interface; (J) 45° side view of the 3D distribution of charge density of SPAF fragments adsorbed on the Zn(002) crystal surface.^[204] Reproduced from Ref.^[204] with permission from Wiley. SPP: Sulfonated porous aromatic framework- poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline); PVDF: polyvinylidene fluoride; SPAF: sulfonated porous aromatic framework; RT: room temperature; PPM: polymerized poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate-based polymer; SPE: solid polymer electrolyte; PVHF: poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene); PMA: poly(methyl acrylate); DEE: deep eutectic electrolyte; LSV: linear sweep voltammetry; CV: cyclic voltammetry; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; XRD: X-ray diffraction.