fig9

Figure 9. Parametric analysis of interfacial thermal performance and thermo-mechanical reliability. (A) Coupled effects of thermal conductivity and contact pressure on thermal delivery efficiency; (B) TEG-side temperature and instantaneous conversion efficiency under different contact pressures. Solid curves denote T_TEG on the left axis, and dashed curves denote η_TEG on the right axis; the blue and yellow dashed curves correspond to P_contact = 0.5 and 3.5 MPa, respectively; (C) Heat flux and cumulative delivered thermal energy under different TIM conductivities. Solid curves denote q_TEG on the left axis, and dashed curves denote cumulative delivered thermal energy on the right axis; the blue and yellow dashed curves correspond to k_TIM = 1.0 W m^-1 K^-1 and 10.0 W m^-1 K^-1, respectively; (D) Interfacial temperature drops as a function of TIM conductivity and contact pressure; (E) Radial stress distribution indicating edge stress concentration; (F and G) Cyclic degradation trajectories and comprehensive comparison balancing thermal efficiency and fatigue life. Panel (G) identifies the design point at k_TIM = 6.0 W m^-1 K^-1 and P_contact = 2.0 MPa as providing the optimal balance between thermal delivery efficiency and projected service life. TEG: Thermoelectric generator; TIM: thermal interface material.