fig1

From: A review of advanced Ni-based cathode materials with layered structures for sodium batteries

Figure 1. Comparison of LIBs and SIBs in terms of resources, costs, and performance. (A) Lithium and sodium content in the Earth’s crust. (B) Lithium resources in 2023. (C) Lithium reserves in 2023. (D) Proportion of global lithium resource consumption structure in 2023. (B-D) Drawing based on the data from Ref.^[21]; (E) Sodium resources in 2020. (E) Drawing based on the data from Ref.^[26]; (F-H) Cost analysis of LIBs and SIBs. (F-H) Drawing based on the data from Ref.^[27]; (I) Comparison of comprehensive performance between LIBs and SIBs. (J) Sodium electricity market and various application scales. (J) Drawing based on the data from Ref.^[31]. LIBs: Lithium-ion batteries; SIBs: sodium-ion batteries.