fig3

Figure 3. Characterization of ZHP electrolyte. (A) Nyquist plots of ZHP at various temperatures under dry conditions (RH≪1%); (B) Temperature-dependent proton conductivity of ZHP. The inset diagram is ionic conductivity of ZHP compared with other electrolytes at the same temperature; (C) Arrhenius fitting curves for the proton conductivity of ZHP; (D) The proton conductivity of ZHP has long-term stability at various temperatures; (E) Flame test of ZHP. ZHP: Zirconium hydrogen phosphate; RH: relative humidity.