fig1
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of various amorphous-based catalyst categories applied in energy catalysis. Top inset: Reprinted with permission from[43]. Copyright 2018, John Wiley and Sons; Reprinted with permission from[44]. Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society; Reprinted with permission from[45]. Copyright 2025, John Wiley and Sons; Reprinted with permission from[46]. Copyright 2025, John Wiley and Sons. Middle inset: Reprinted with permission from[47]. Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society; Reprinted with permission from[48]. Copyright 2023, John Wiley and Sons; Reprinted with permission from[49]. Copyright 2024, John Wiley and Sons; Reprinted with permission from[50]. Copyright 2025, American Chemical Society. Bottom inset: Reprinted with permission from[51]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society; Reprinted from[52], under CC BY 4.0 license; Reprinted with permission from[53]. Copyright 2025, Springer Nature; Reprinted with permission from[54]. Copyright 2026, John Wiley and Sons. GO: Graphene oxide.







